How are changes in funded status due to pension gains and losses reported under US GAAP?

Changes in funded status due to pension gains and losses are reported as components of other comprehensive income under US GAAP. This treatment is consistent with the accounting principles that aim to reflect the economic reality of pension obligations and their fluctuations over time.

Other comprehensive income includes items that are not included in net income but affect shareholders’ equity. Pension gains and losses arise from various factors, such as differences between expected and actual return on plan assets, changes in actuarial assumptions, and differences between expected and actual demographic assumptions. Recognizing these changes in other comprehensive income allows for a more accurate representation of the organization's financial position without influencing the operating performance captured in net income.

This approach ensures that the income statement reflects ongoing operational performance, while other comprehensive income captures volatility in the pension liability and the funded status, thereby providing stakeholders with a clearer understanding of the company’s financial health.