How are gains and losses on financial instruments that hedge trading securities reported?

Gains and losses on financial instruments that hedge trading securities are reported in earnings, consistent with unrealized gains and losses. This treatment aligns with the way trading securities are generally accounted for since they are marked to market. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), trading securities are recorded at fair value, and any changes in their fair value are recognized in net income for the period in which the change occurs.

This measurement reflects the intent to actively manage the trading securities for profit and properly matches the recognition of related gains and losses with the performance of the trading strategy. By reporting these changes in earnings, the financial statements provide a clear picture of the company’s current financial performance and positions related to its trading activities.

In terms of other options, gains and losses would not typically be reported in the statement of cash flows because cash flow statements focus on cash transactions, not unrealized gains or losses. Reporting directly in equity is more applicable to transactions affecting owners' equity, such as certain investments or pensions, rather than trading activities. Comprehensive income includes all non-owner changes in equity, which would not specifically apply to the treatment of trading securities and their related hedges as they are recognized in earnings.