In the effective interest method, how is the amortization of bond premium calculated?

The effective interest method calculates the amortization of bond premium based on the carrying value of the bond multiplied by the effective interest rate. This method reflects the actual economic circumstances of the bond's market position over time.

When a bond is issued at a premium, it means that its purchase price is above its face value. Each period, the issuer pays interest based on the stated rate, but the effective interest expense reflects the rate at which the bond was originally issued. By multiplying the carrying amount of the bond (which includes the premium) by the effective interest rate, the company determines the actual interest expense for that period. The difference between this calculated interest expense and the cash interest paid is the amortization of the bond premium for that period.

This approach ensures that the financial statements capture the time value of money, as the carrying value of the bond decreases over time until it equals the face value at maturity. Thus, using the carrying value and effective interest rate provides a more accurate reflection of interest expense compared to using the stated interest rate or calculating it as a fixed dollar amount.