What basis of accounting do non-profit (NFP) organizations use?

Non-profit organizations generally use the full accrual basis of accounting. This method recognizes revenue when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when cash is exchanged. This approach provides a more complete picture of an organization's financial position and performance over a period, as it includes all resources available for operations and commitments made. It aligns with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which require the accrual basis for all types of entities, including not-for-profits.

Through full accrual accounting, non-profits can accurately portray their financial activities, including grants, contributions, and program expenses, ensuring that stakeholders can assess the organization’s operational effectiveness and sustainability. This is crucial for non-profits that rely on donations, grants, and other revenues that may not result in immediate cash inflows but are vital for their ongoing operations and planning.