What type of accounts do adjusting entries typically impact?

Adjusting entries typically impact one balance sheet account and one income statement account because they are used to update the financial records to reflect the true financial position and performance of a business at the end of an accounting period. These adjustments are necessary to ensure that the revenues and expenses are accurately represented in the financial statements according to the accrual basis of accounting.

For instance, if a company owes interest on a loan but has not yet made the payment, an adjusting entry would increase the interest expense on the income statement and also increase the liabilities on the balance sheet (specifically, the notes payable or accrued liabilities). This adjustment ensures that the expenses incurred during the period are matched with the revenues, enhancing the accuracy of financial reporting.

Other types of accounts, such as cash accounts or expense-only accounts, will not be the focus in typical adjustments since the purpose of adjusting entries is to ensure that both the balance sheet and income statement reflect appropriate amounts before the financial statements are finalized. Thus, the interaction between a balance sheet account and an income statement account aligns perfectly with the objectives of adjusting entries.