What type of items require restatement to constant dollars due to price fluctuation?

Restating to constant dollars is a process used to adjust financial statements for the effects of inflation or deflation, allowing for an accurate comparison of financial performance over time. Nonmonetary items are the correct choice for restatement due to price fluctuation because they do not have a fixed value in the currency reported; instead, their value can be affected by changes in price levels over time.

Nonmonetary items include things like inventory, fixed assets, and intangibles, which can change in value not only due to operational performance but also due to changes in purchasing power caused by inflation or deflation. By restating these items to constant dollars, businesses can offer more meaningful insights into their performance, indicating how much of the change in financial results is due to real growth versus the effects of inflation.

In contrast, monetary items maintain a fixed nominal value regardless of price changes; examples include cash and receivables. These items do not require restatement since their future cash flows will be received at their stated values. Fixed assets and intangible items are categorized as nonmonetary items, but they fall under the broader category, further emphasizing that the specific need for restatement arises primarily from their nonmonetary nature.