Where are foreign currency transaction gains or losses reported in the financial statements?

Foreign currency transaction gains or losses are reported in net income because they arise from transactions that are settled in foreign currencies and are recognized in the period in which they occur. When a transaction is completed, any differences between the spot rate and the rate at which the transaction was originally recorded generate gains or losses, which directly affect the company's profitability for that period.

These gains or losses are not part of other comprehensive income because they do not relate to translating financial statements of foreign subsidiaries or changes in the value of available-for-sale securities. They also do not transfer to retained earnings until they are realized through closing the books at the end of the period, thereby directly impacting net income. Therefore, reflecting them in net income provides a clear representation of the operating results and financial performance of the entity for the reporting period.